PVC lubricants (pe wax, ope wax)can be divided into two types. The main function of external lubricants is that they have poor compatibility with polymers and are easy to migrate from the melt to the outside, thus forming a thin layer of lubrication at the interface between plastic melt and metal. Internal lubricants have good compatibility with polymers, as they reduce the cohesion between polymer molecules within the polymer, thereby improving the internal friction heat generation and fluidity of plastic melts. Of course, most lubricants have a dual effect of both internal and external lubricants, rather than a single effect, such as stearic acid. In the early stages of processing, when the temperature is low or the dosage is high, the external lubrication characteristics dominate. After the temperature rises, the compatibility with PVC is improved, and when the dosage is appropriate, the internal lubrication effect mainly plays a role.

PVC lubricants are also divided into low-temperature lubrication, medium temperature lubrication, and high-temperature lubrication. Low temperature lubrication plays a role in the early stages of processing, such as paraffin, stearic acid, monoglyceride, butyl stearate, stearic alcohol, etc; Medium temperature lubrication plays a lubricating role in the middle stage of processing, such as pe wax, ope wax, lead stearate, cadmium stearate, etc; High temperature lubrication plays a lubricating role in the later stage of processing, such as calcium stearate, barium stearate, etc.

The use of lubricants in PVC formula design should follow the following principles:
1. External lubrication ensures that the product does not adhere to the metal surface and does not discolor the paste phenomenon, and the smaller the amount, the better;
2. Internal lubrication should be used sparingly while ensuring that it does not affect fluidity and plasticization;
3. Both are internally lubricated, and it is recommended to use high, medium, and low temperature lubricants together as much as possible. They are also suitable for external lubricants;
4. Products that require good fluidity, such as profiles, fittings, etc., should have slightly more internal lubrication than external lubrication; Products that do not require high plasticization, such as pipes, have a dominant amount of external lubrication;

5. As the amount of filler increases, the lubricant should be appropriately increased accordingly. The light calcium oil absorption value is high, and the heavy calcium oil absorption value is low. Attention should be paid when using it;
6. Foam products should minimize the amount and use of lubricants such as paraffin that affect foaming, and moderately increase the lubrication amount when reducing density or increasing calcium content;
7. Lubrication imbalance requires the principle of adjusting one type of lubrication to another, in order to quickly identify the cause and ensure normal production.
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