At present, there are three main types of production methods for PE wax: firstly, polyethylene wax is synthesized by oligomerization reaction of ethylene monomer, such as free radical oligomerization method; The second is polyethylene wax prepared by the degradation of polymers; The third is the byproduct in the synthesis process of polyethylene, such as polyethylene wax obtained by separating the byproduct in high-pressure polyethylene synthesis.

1. Ethylene polymerization method
There are three main methods for producing polyethylene wax through ethylene polymerization. One is to polymerize using free radical catalysts at high temperature and pressure; The second is to polymerize under low pressure using Ziegler catalysts; The third is the polymerization of metallocene catalysts.
2. Polyethylene cracking method
The molecular weight distribution of polyethylene wax generated by polymerization method is narrow, and the relative molecular weight size can be manually controlled, but it must be carried out on a large device with high investment. Domestic manufacturers generally use the thermal cracking method of high molecular weight polyethylene for production. This method can use either polyethylene resin or polyethylene waste plastic as the raw material. The former produces high grade products, while the latter produces low grade products. High molecular weight polyethylene can be thermally cracked into low molecular weight polyethylene wax under air isolation conditions. The properties related to the structure of the prepared polyethylene wax, such as crystallinity, density, hardness, and melting point, are all affected by the cracking raw material. The cracking processing methods are divided into cracking kettle method and extrusion method.

The cracking kettle method is an intermittent processing method, suitable for manufacturers with low production volume and small production capacity; The extrusion method is a continuous production process suitable for enterprises with large production volumes and high production capacity.

Polyethylene wax can be prepared by utilizing recycled polyethylene cracking solution. This technology has a rich and inexpensive source of raw materials, a relatively simple process, and low operating costs.
3. Purification of polyethylene by-products
In the reaction of producing polyethylene from ethylene polymerization, polyethylene wax products can be recovered from a mixture of low molecular weight components and solvents obtained as by-products. After removing the solvent and initiator from the by-product of the polyethylene plant, the molecular weight distribution of the product is still very wide, which limits its application field and requires further purification through solvent separation. This byproduct of polyethylene wax usually contains molecules with a relative molecular weight of around 1000, so its physical properties such as mechanical strength and heat resistance are lower than those produced by ethylene polymerization.

4. Modification of polyethylene wax
Polyethylene wax is a non-polar molecule, and if polar groups can be inserted into the molecule, it will greatly expand its application fields. These functionalized polyethylene waxes can be produced by copolymerization of ethylene with oxygen-containing monomers, or by introducing carboxyl groups through chemical methods such as oxidation and grafting, and then further modified through chemical reactions such as esterification, amidation, and saponification. These functionalized polyethylene waxes can meet the requirements of different applications.
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